Etude épidémiologique d'une maladie fréquente dans la région de Mila

Abstract

Prostate cancer, the leading cancer among men over 50, remains a major public health challenge in the Mila region. This retrospective study, conducted over a 10-year period in the urology department of Tobal Brothers Hospital in Mila, aimed to provide an accurate overview of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of this disease, while investigating the factors that may explain the rising local incidence. A total of 142 diagnosed cases were analyzed, revealing a mean patient age of 72 years, confirming the high prevalence of this disease among seniors. Lifestyle analysis showed that 70.42% of the men were non-smokers, compared to 28.16% who smoked, and 83% had no family history of prostate cancer. Biologically, nearly half of the patients (45.07%) had a total PSA level above 50 ng/ml, often indicating a late diagnosis. Furthermore, 35.21% had a high Gleason score (9, i.e., 4+5), indicating a particularly aggressive form of the disease. Geographically, the distribution highlighted a concentration of cases in the commune of Mila (25.35%), followed by Chelghoum Laïd (13.38%), suggesting the possible influence of socioeconomic, behavioral, or healthcare access factors. It should be noted that the risk factors studied did not show a significant impact on the increase in prostate cancer in this sample, an observation that may be explained by the limited size of the population analyzed. These results underscore the need for further research on a larger sample to better understand the determinants of the disease and optimize prevention and screening strategies in the region.