Étude morphologique de la ramification (ou tallage) chez les céréales à paille comme le blé dur Triticum durum Desf

Abstract

The study focused on five (05) genotypes of durum wheat, Triticum durum Desf., in order to select genotypes with high tillering potential and observe the origin of tillers. The research was conducted in agricultural soil in plastic pots under conditions similar to natural conditions.The results of the morphological study showed that tillering begins from the emergence of the 4th leaf in all varieties. Herbaceous tillering, spike tillering, and the efficiency of transforming herbaceous tillers into spike tillers, which are production traits, exhibited intra-specific diversity. This allowed us to classify the genotypes into four main groups: very early, early, late, and very late. At the herbaceous tillering stage, the number of tillers varied among the species. The maximum value of 3.09 tillers per plant was observed in the Wahbi variety, followed by successive values of 2.44, 1.6, and 1.46 tillers per plant in the Waha, Boussalem, and Gta dur varieties, respectively. The minimum value was observed in the Ain Lahma variety with 0.57 tillers per plant. The overall average was 1.83 tillers per plant.These tillers (branches) can produce spikes, but they are fewer in number compared to herbaceous tillers. The maximum value of 2.04 spike tillers per plant was observed in the Wahbi variety, while the minimum value was observed in the Gta dur variety, followed by the Ain Lahma variety. The overall average was 1.49 spike tillers per plant. Regarding the efficiency of transforming herbaceous tillers into spike tillers, the maximum value was observed in the Boussalem variety with 92.51%, while the Ain Lahma variety had the minimum value of 27.3% compared to the other varieties: Waha 77.04%, Gta dur 75.34%, Wahbi 66.01%. The varieties can be arranged as follows: Boussalem, Waha, Gta dur, Wahbi , Ain lahema.