Etude Ethnobotanique, screening phytochimique et activité antibactérienne de la plante « Rosmarinus officinalis » dans la région de Mila

Abstract

The present work aims to the valorization of an abundant medicinal plant in the region of Mila: "Rosmarinus officinalis". For this purpose, an ethnobotanical survey on the therapeutic uses of rosemary was conducted among 300 people in the region of Mila. In addition, extracts from the aerial part of this plant were subjected to a phytochemical screening and an evaluation of the antibacterial activity.The survey results highlighted the importance of rosemary in the region of Mila. It has been found that the fresh leaves are usually prepared as a decoction and infusion, especially to stimulate hair growth and to treat certain gastrointestinal diseases. The phytochemical screening of of R. officinalis extracts reveals the richness of this plant in polyphenols and showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, sterols, glycosides, coumarins, anthracene derivatives , saponins and mucilages.The antibacterial activity evaluation by disc diffusion method showed that the methanolic extract of R. officinalis exerts an important antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Similarly, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 was very sensitive to this extract. However, a medium sensitivity was observed for the strains Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603 and Proteus mirabilis ATCC 35659.