Influence de la température et la précipitation sur la stratégie sociale chez l’Hirondelle rustique (Hirundo rustica) dans la wilaya de Mila

Abstract

This study, conducted during the year 2024–2025 in the Wilaya of Mila (Algeria), examines the influence of climatic parameters, particularly temperature and precipitation, on the social strategies adopted by the Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica). It was carried out across eleven representative stations distributed among three bioclimatic zones: humid, subhumid, and semi-arid. The results show that the distribution of nests, their location, and certain reproductive traits such as laying date and clutch size vary according to climatic conditions and environmental factors such as altitude, proximity to open fields, and availability of food resources. These findings highlight the importance of climatic factors in shaping social behaviors in this migratory species and emphasize the need to consider these dynamics in the context of climate change.