Utilisation des produits de la ruche comme agents Antimicrobiens

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of bee pollen as a natural biopreservative agent for raw milk through its aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts. The aqueous extract was prepared by maceration using sterile distilled water, while the hydroethanolic extract was obtained using a Soxhlet apparatus with absolute methanol, yielding 18.91% and 5.59% respectively. The total phenolic content in the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts was 19.89 ± 0.39 and 27.83 ± 0.47 μg GAE/mg, respectively, while flavonoid contents were 6.03 ± 0.04 and 8.31 ± 0.17 μg QE/mg. Antioxidant activities measured by DPPH assay showed IC₅₀ values of 338.04 μg/ml and 85.99 μg/ml for aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts, respectively. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 demonstrated inhibition zones ranging from 9.25 ± 0.1 mm to 15.6 ± 0.15 mm for the aqueous extract, and from 7.36 ± 0.27 mm to 11.86 ± 0.69 mm for the hydroethanolic extract. Application of these extracts for the biopreservation of raw milk significantly extended the latency phase of total microbial flora, increasing it from 1.114 days (control) to 2.711 days with 10 mg/ml of aqueous extract, while maintaining physicochemical stability and preserving part of the beneficial lactic flora. This study offers promising prospects for the agri-food industry by proposing a natural alternative to chemical preservatives for raw milk preservation.