Evaluation du risque de brucellose lié à la consommation humaine du lait cru Dans la région de Mila

Abstract

Brucellosis is a bacterial disease affecting both humans and animals, and represents a major public health problem in Algeria. This work is a retrospective study of the prevalence of animal and human brucellosis and the risks of this disease linked to the consumption of raw milk in the wilaya of Mila during the period from January 2020 to March 2025. It includes visits to the Agricultural Services Department (ASD) and the Health and Population Department (HPD), in order to gather as much information as possible on the epidemiological situation of brucellosis in the region. Analysis of the data provided by these two departments revealed varying rates of disease prevalence and sanitary slaughter of infected animals for the three animal species (bovine, caprine and ovine), and from one year to the next. These infections affected most of the wilaya's communes, with a relative concentration in certain areas. In addition, a worrying drop in serological screening for brucellosis in animals was recorded, leading to a significant increase in the number of people affected, with a total of 41 cases recorded in 2024. The peak of human brucellosis was observed during the summer season, with a major concentration in the communes of Chelghoum Laïd, Tadjenanet and Aïn Beida Harriche. Consumption of raw milk is the predominant risk factor (30%). In the light of these results, the risk of brucellosis linked to the consumption of raw milk is gradually increasing every day. What's more, the zoonosis control program implemented in the Wilaya was not sufficiently effective, and a large proportion of the herd was still affected.